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Sains Malaysiana
54(12)(2025): 2873-2886
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2025-5412-06
Pengaktifan Peroksimonosulfat secara Heterogen oleh MCM-41 Terdop
Kobalt untuk Penyingkiran Fluorokuinolon
(Heterogeneous Activation of Peroxymonosulfate by Cobalt-Doped
MCM-41 for Removal of Fluoroquinolones)
GANAPATY
MANICKAVASAGAM, NURSYAZLIN SUDA & WEN-DA OH*
Pusat Pengajian Sains
Kimia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Received: 24 July 2025/Accepted: 11
December 2025
Abstrak
Abu sekam
padi yang terhasil daripada sekam padi lazimnya mempunyai ketumpatan pukal yang
rendah serta menimbulkan cabaran dari segi alam sekitar dan kesihatan manusia,
khususnya disebabkan kesukaran untuk dilupuskan dengan selamat. Kandungan
silika amorfus yang tinggi dalam abu ini menjadikannya bahan yang sangat sesuai
untuk pelbagai kegunaan dalam bidang perindustrian seperti komposit polimer,
pembuatan kaca, seramik dan cat serta dalam teknologi moden seperti sistem
penghantaran ubat, penjerapan karbon dan penyimpanan tenaga. Dalam penyelidikan
ini, bahan berstruktur mesopori yang dikenali sebagai Mobil Composition of
Matter No. 41 (MCM-41) telah disintesis dengan menggunakan sekam padi
sebagai sumber utama silika untuk pengaktifan peroksimonosulfat (PMS) bagi
penyingkiran gatifloksasin (GAT). Seterusnya, pendopan Co dalam struktur MCM-41
dilaksanakan melalui gabungan kaedah impregnasi dan kalsinasi. Pemangkin yang
dihasilkan (MCM, Co-MCM-1, Co-MCM-2 dan Co-MCM-4) telah dikaji cirinya
menggunakan mikroskopi elektron pengimbasan-pancaran resolusi tinggi (FESEM),
transformasi Fourier inframerah spektroskopi (FTIR), difraktometer sinar-X
(XRD) dan gravimetri terma (TGA). Kajian mendapati Co-MCM-4 menunjukkan
keberkesanan tertinggi dalam penyingkiran GAT dengan kadar 0.0059 min-1.
Kecekapan penyingkiran ini meningkat pada keadaan optimum, iaitu pemuatan
pemangkin sebanyak 0.25 g L-1 (0.0127 min-1), dos PMS
sebanyak 0.90 g L-1 (0.0207 min-1), dan nilai pH 9
(0.0265 min-1). Selain itu, Co-MCM-4 turut menunjukkan keupayaan
guna semula yang baik dengan kecekapan penyingkiran GAT melebihi 60% selepas
empat kitaran. Ujian perencat radikal menunjukkan SO4
Kata kunci: Gatifloksasin; laluan radikal; MCM-41 terdop Co;
pengaktifan peroksimonosulfat; sekam padi
Abstract
Rice husk is an abundant agricultural by-product in major
rice-producing countries. The resulting rice husk ash is characterized by low
bulk density, presenting significant environmental and health concerns due to
challenges associated with its disposal. The high content of amorphous silica
in rice husk ash renders it a highly suitable material for a wide range of
industrial applications (e.g., polymer composites, glassmaking, ceramics,
paints) and emerging technological fields (e.g., drug delivery systems, carbon
capture, and energy storage). In this study, Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41
(MCM-41) was synthesized from rice husk as a silica source and Co doping was
achieved through a combination of impregnation and subsequent calcination
techniques to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for gatifloxacin (GAT) removal.
The resultant catalysts (MCM, Co-MCM-1, Co-MCM-2, and Co-MCM-4) were
characterized using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM),
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and
thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Co-MCM-4 exhibited the highest GAT removal
rate of 0.0059 min-1. The removal rate was further enhanced under
optimized conditions, including a catalyst loading of 0.25 g L-1 (0.0127
min-1), PMS dosage of 0.90 g L-1 (0.0207 min-1),
and initial pH of 9 (0.0265 min-1). Co-MCM-4 demonstrated good
reusability, maintaining >60% GAT removal efficiency even after four
consecutive catalytic cycles. Scavenging experiments proved that both SO4
Keywords: Co-doped MCM-41; gatifloxacin; peroxymonosulfate
activation; radical pathway; rice husk
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*Corresponding
author; email: ohwenda@usm.my
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